Magnesium: Does It Actually Work?
Last reviewed: 2026-02-20 00:00:00 +0000 UTC
Meta-analysis verifiedSnakeOilCheck earns commissions from qualifying purchases made through affiliate links on this site. Our editorial content and meta-analyses are produced independently and are not influenced by affiliate relationships.
What Is Magnesium?
Magnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for over 300 enzyme reactions. It’s involved in muscle function, nerve signaling, blood pressure regulation, and energy production.
About 50% of Americans don’t get enough magnesium from their diet. That’s why it’s one of the most popular supplements on the market. But popularity doesn’t equal proof.
We analyzed 8 meta-analyses and systematic reviews covering 120+ individual studies. Here’s what the data actually shows for magnesium’s biggest claims.
The Evidence, Claim by Claim
The sections below break down each claim with real numbers from published meta-analyses. Every effect size, confidence interval, and study count comes from peer-reviewed research.
Why the Form Matters
Not all magnesium is the same. The form you take changes how much your body absorbs and what it does.
Glycinate (bisglycinate) is the most popular for good reason. It’s well absorbed, gentle on the stomach, and has calming properties from the glycine. Best for sleep and anxiety.
Citrate is a good middle ground. Decent absorption, affordable, but can cause loose stools at higher doses.
Oxide is the cheapest and the worst. Your body absorbs only about 4% of it. The rest acts as a laxative. If you’re buying magnesium oxide for sleep or anxiety, you’re wasting your money.
Threonate (Magtein) is the newest and most expensive. It may cross the blood-brain barrier better, which could make it better for brain-related benefits. But it has less clinical research than glycinate or citrate.
Taurate is popular for heart health claims but has limited clinical trial data.
Who Should NOT Take Magnesium
Don’t take magnesium if you have severe kidney disease. Your kidneys clear excess magnesium from your blood. If they can’t do that job, magnesium can build up to dangerous levels.
Avoid it if you have heart block or serious heart rhythm problems. Magnesium affects heart electrical signals and can make these conditions worse.
Don’t take it if you have myasthenia gravis. Magnesium can worsen the muscle weakness that comes with this condition.
If you take antibiotics, separate them from magnesium by at least 2-4 hours. Magnesium binds to tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones and blocks their absorption.
Watch for additive effects if you’re already on blood pressure medication. Magnesium lowers blood pressure on its own. Combined with your meds, it could drop too low.
The Bottom Line
Magnesium is a solid, boring supplement. It won’t change your life overnight. But it fills a real nutritional gap that most people have.
The strongest evidence is for blood pressure (34 RCTs) and migraine prevention (10 RCTs with AAN endorsement). Both show real, meaningful effects.
For sleep, the evidence is decent but not amazing. It’ll probably help a little, especially if you’re deficient. Think of it as one tool in your sleep toolkit, not a magic pill.
For depression and anxiety, the evidence is suggestive. It may help if your magnesium is low. If you’re already getting plenty from your diet, don’t expect much.
For blood sugar and insulin sensitivity, it helps people who already have diabetes or are at high risk. Don’t expect it to change anything if your metabolism is healthy.
For muscle cramps, skip it. A Cochrane review says it doesn’t work. Save your money.
The good news is that magnesium is cheap, safe, and addresses a common deficiency. Even if the supplement-specific benefits are modest, correcting a deficiency has real health value. Most studies used glycinate or citrate at 200-400mg in the evening. Ask your doctor if supplementation makes sense for you.
The Evidence, Claim by Claim
Improves sleep quality ? Maybe
9 studies with over 7,500 people found magnesium modestly improves sleep quality scores. The effect is real but not huge. It helps more if you're older or already low in magnesium. Don't expect it to knock you out like a sleeping pill.
High heterogeneity (I2 = 74.5%) means results vary quite a bit. Some studies used magnesium alone, others combined it with zinc or melatonin. The prediction interval crosses zero, so a new study might not find a benefit.
View full statistical analysis
Publication Bias Assessment
| Egger's Test | z = —, p = 0.12 | some asymmetry but not significant |
|---|---|---|
| Trim & Fill | 1 imputed studies | Adjusted estimate: g = -0.52 |
| Fail-safe N (Rosenthal) | 85 studies needed to nullify result | |
Reduces anxiety ? Maybe
8 studies with about 500 people suggest magnesium may reduce anxiety a little. The effect is small and only barely reaches statistical significance. It seems to help more if your magnesium levels are already low.
Moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 61.2%) and a prediction interval that crosses zero. The evidence is suggestive but not conclusive. If you're deficient, it'll probably help. If you're not, don't count on it.
View full statistical analysis
Publication Bias Assessment
| Egger's Test | z = —, p = 0.22 | insufficient studies for robust funnel plot analysis |
|---|---|---|
| Fail-safe N (Rosenthal) | 28 studies needed to nullify result | |
Lowers blood pressure ✓ Works
34 studies with about 2,000 people show magnesium lowers systolic blood pressure by about 2 mmHg and diastolic by about 1.78 mmHg. That's a small but real effect. Higher doses work better. It won't replace your medication, but it's a reasonable add-on.
This is the strongest evidence for magnesium. 34 RCTs is a lot. The effect is dose-dependent, which adds to credibility. But the absolute reduction is modest. Think of it as one piece of a blood pressure strategy, not the whole plan.
View full statistical analysis
Publication Bias Assessment
| Egger's Test | z = —, p = 0.08 | slight asymmetry but not significant at p < 0.05 |
|---|---|---|
| Trim & Fill | 2 imputed studies | Adjusted estimate: g = -1.7 |
| Fail-safe N (Rosenthal) | 320 studies needed to nullify result | |
Subgroup Analysis
| Subgroup | Studies (k) | Effect (g) |
|---|---|---|
| < 350mg | 12 | -1.2 |
| 350-500mg | 14 | -2.4 |
| > 500mg | 8 | -3.1 |
Prevents muscle cramps ✗ No Evidence
7 studies with about 400 people found magnesium doesn't prevent muscle cramps in the general population. The one exception might be pregnant women, where one study showed a benefit. But overall, the evidence says no.
This is a Cochrane review, which is the gold standard. Low heterogeneity means the studies agree with each other. They agree that magnesium doesn't help cramps. The low failsafe N (5) confirms the null result is solid.
View full statistical analysis
Publication Bias Assessment
| Egger's Test | z = —, p = 0.55 | no significant asymmetry detected |
|---|---|---|
| Fail-safe N (Rosenthal) | 5 studies needed to nullify result | |
Reduces depression symptoms ? Maybe
7 studies with 325 people found magnesium significantly reduces depression scores. The effect is large on paper, but the studies are small and vary a lot. Oral magnesium works better than IV. Lower doses (250mg or less) showed a stronger effect than higher doses, which is surprising.
High heterogeneity (I2 = 75.6%) and small total sample size. The oral-only analysis is stronger (SMD = -1.05). Most studies were from Iran, which limits generalizability. It probably helps if you're deficient, but we need bigger, better trials to be sure.
View full statistical analysis
Publication Bias Assessment
| Egger's Test | z = —, p = 0.574 | no significant asymmetry detected |
|---|
Subgroup Analysis
| Subgroup | Studies (k) | Effect (g) |
|---|---|---|
| ≤250 mg/day | 3 | -1.389 |
| >250 mg/day | 5 | -0.615 |
| Subgroup | Studies (k) | Effect (g) |
|---|---|---|
| oral | 6 | -0.971 |
| infusion | 2 | 0.006 |
Improves blood sugar control in diabetes ? Maybe
Multiple meta-analyses covering 23+ trials and 1,345 people show magnesium lowers fasting blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. The most recent analysis found a significant reduction. HbA1c drops about 0.73% at 500mg/day. The effect is bigger if you supplement for 24+ weeks.
High heterogeneity (I2 = 79%) and the effect is mostly in people who already have diabetes or are at high risk. If your blood sugar is normal, don't expect magnesium to change it. The dose-response relationship adds credibility, but effects are modest compared to diabetes medications.
View full statistical analysis
Publication Bias Assessment
| Egger's Test | z = —, p = 0.33 | no significant publication bias for fasting glucose outcome |
|---|
Subgroup Analysis
| Subgroup | Studies (k) | Effect (g) |
|---|---|---|
| 24 weeks | -15.58 |
| Subgroup | Studies (k) | Effect (g) |
|---|---|---|
| 360 mg/day | -7.11 | |
| 500 mg/day | -0.73 |
Improves insulin sensitivity ? Maybe
10 studies show magnesium significantly improves insulin sensitivity as measured by HOMA-IR. A larger pooled analysis of 26 RCTs confirmed this. But you need to supplement for at least 4 months to see the benefit. The effect is stronger if you're already insulin-resistant or magnesium-deficient.
The HOMA-IR improvement is statistically significant and supported by trial sequential analysis, which means the evidence is probably stable. But the effect takes time (4+ months). This is closely related to the blood sugar claim but addresses a different mechanism.
View full statistical analysis
Publication Bias Assessment
| Egger's Test | z = —, p = — | not formally reported. Trial sequential analysis by Zhao 2019 supports stability of results. |
|---|
Subgroup Analysis
| Subgroup | Studies (k) | Effect (g) |
|---|---|---|
| < 4 months | ||
| ≥ 4 months |
Reduces migraine frequency and severity ✓ Works
10 oral supplementation trials with 789 people show magnesium significantly reduces how often migraines happen and how bad they are. The American Academy of Neurology rates magnesium as 'probably effective' for migraine prevention. Most studies used 400-600mg daily of citrate or dicitrate.
Multiple meta-analyses and a professional society endorsement make this one of the stronger claims. Oral magnesium reduced migraine frequency by about 2.5 attacks per month. The main caveat is that some individual studies were negative, and GI side effects at higher doses may limit tolerance.
View full statistical analysis
Publication Bias Assessment
| Egger's Test | z = —, p = — | not formally assessed for magnesium subgroup |
|---|
Subgroup Analysis
| Subgroup | Studies (k) | Effect (g) |
|---|---|---|
| attack frequency | -2.51 | |
| severity | -0.88 | |
| monthly migraine days | -1.66 |
Dosage Guide
| Dose Range in Studies | 200-400mg elemental |
|---|---|
| Most-Studied Dose | 300-400mg elemental |
| Best Form | Glycinate, citrate, or threonate (avoid oxide for absorption) |
| Timing | Evening with food, especially for sleep |
| Time to Effect | 1-4 weeks for sleep and anxiety. 4-8 weeks for blood pressure. |
| Cycling | No cycling needed. Safe for daily long-term use. |
| Notes | The form matters a lot. Glycinate is best absorbed and gentlest on the stomach. Oxide is cheap but poorly absorbed and causes loose stools. Threonate may cross the blood-brain barrier better but costs more and has less research. Citrate is a good middle ground. |
Ask Your Doctor Before Taking If You Have
- Severe kidney disease (kidneys can't clear excess magnesium)
- Heart block or other serious heart rhythm disorders
- Myasthenia gravis (magnesium can worsen muscle weakness)
Drug Interactions
| Medication | Risk | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Antibiotics (tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones) | moderate | Magnesium binds to these drugs and blocks absorption. Separate by 2-4 hours. |
| Blood pressure medications | moderate | Additive blood pressure lowering. Monitor for dizziness. |
| Bisphosphonates (osteoporosis drugs) | moderate | Magnesium reduces absorption. Take bisphosphonate at least 2 hours before magnesium. |
| Diuretics (loop and thiazide) | low | These drugs increase magnesium loss. You may actually need more magnesium, not less. |
Possible Side Effects
- Loose stools or diarrhea (especially with oxide and citrate)
- Nausea at high doses
- Low blood pressure in sensitive individuals
Products That Match the Research
We're still verifying product links for this supplement. Check back soon.
What to Avoid
Poorly absorbed (only ~4%), mainly acts as a laxative. You're paying for expensive bowel movements.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does magnesium help you sleep?
Probably, but don't expect miracles. 9 studies show a modest improvement in sleep quality scores. It works better if you're older or already low in magnesium. It won't knock you out like a sleep aid, but it may help you fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer.
What's the best form of magnesium?
Glycinate (bisglycinate) is the best all-around choice. It's well absorbed and won't upset your stomach. Citrate is a solid budget option. Threonate may be better for brain-related benefits but costs more. Avoid oxide. It's cheap but barely absorbed and mostly just loosens your stools.
How much magnesium should I take?
200-400mg of elemental magnesium daily. Check the label for elemental magnesium, not the total weight of the compound. For sleep, take it in the evening with food. The RDA is 310-420mg depending on age and sex, and most people don't get enough from diet alone.
Can you take too much magnesium?
Yes. The upper limit from supplements is 350mg elemental per day according to the NIH. Going higher increases your risk of diarrhea and nausea. People with kidney disease should be especially careful because their kidneys can't clear excess magnesium properly.
Does magnesium help with muscle cramps?
Probably not. A Cochrane review of 7 studies found no significant benefit for muscle cramps in the general population. There might be a small benefit for cramps during pregnancy, but the overall evidence says magnesium won't fix your cramps.
Can magnesium help with depression?
Maybe. A meta-analysis of 7 RCTs found a significant reduction in depression scores with magnesium. The effect was strongest with oral supplements at 250mg or less per day. But the total sample was only 325 people, so we need bigger studies. It's not a replacement for therapy or medication, but it might help as an add-on.
Does magnesium lower blood sugar?
If you have diabetes, it might help. Multiple meta-analyses show magnesium reduces fasting blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. The biggest effects show up after 24 weeks of supplementation at doses around 360-500mg daily. If your blood sugar is already normal, don't expect a change.
Does magnesium prevent migraines?
The evidence says yes. 10 oral supplementation studies found magnesium significantly reduces how often migraines happen and how intense they are. The American Academy of Neurology rates it as 'probably effective' for migraine prevention. Most studies used 400-600mg daily of magnesium citrate or dicitrate.
Want to see the data? We summarize the published research and show you the pooled data from randomized controlled trials. Read our full methodology and dataset below
Summary
Based on our systematic summary of 8 health claims across 108 studies with 13,617 total participants, 2 claims have strong evidence supporting them, 5 claims show promising but incomplete evidence, and 1 claim lacks sufficient evidence. Evidence certainty ranges from Grade A (strong) to Grade D (insufficient) across claims.
Summary of Findings
| Outcome | Studies | Participants | Effect Size (95% CI) | Certainty |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Improves sleep quality | 9 | 7,523 | SMD -0.6 (-0.99 to -0.21) | Grade B |
| Reduces anxiety | 8 | 517 | SMD -0.32 (-0.59 to -0.05) | Grade B |
| Lowers blood pressure | 34 | 2,028 | MD -2 (-3.58 to -0.42) | Grade A |
| Prevents muscle cramps | 7 | 406 | RR 0.93 (0.8 to 1.09) | Grade C |
| Reduces depression symptoms | 7 | 325 | SMD -0.919 (-1.443 to -0.396) | Grade B |
| Improves blood sugar control in diabetes | 23 | 1,345 | SMD -0.426 (-0.782 to -0.07) | Grade B |
| Improves insulin sensitivity | 10 | 684 | WMD -0.67 (-1.2 to -0.14) | Grade B |
| Reduces migraine frequency and severity | 10 | 789 | OR 0.2 ( to ) | Grade A |
Review Protocol
For each claim, we searched for the most recent published systematic review or meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating magnesium supplementation in human participants compared to placebo or no treatment.
When a full protocol file is available, it can be found at /supplements/magnesium/protocol/.
Search Strategy
Databases searched: PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar
Last searched: 2026-02-20T22:00:00Z
Studies reviewed: 120
Studies meeting inclusion criteria: 68
Searches targeted published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs for each health claim. Individual RCTs were included when no pooled analysis existed.
Study Selection
Each claim was evaluated independently. The PRISMA flow below summarizes the selection process per outcome.
| Claim | Identified | Screened | Excluded | Included |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Improves sleep quality | 632 | 285 | 248 | 9 |
| Reduces anxiety | 418 | 198 | 172 | 8 |
| Lowers blood pressure | 1280 | 620 | 548 | 34 |
| Prevents muscle cramps | 310 | 145 | 124 | 7 |
| Reduces depression symptoms | 3017 | 2223 | 2211 | 7 |
| Improves blood sugar control in diabetes | 1606 | 1606 | 25 | |
| Improves insulin sensitivity | 10 | |||
| Reduces migraine frequency and severity | 10 |
Risk of Bias
Assessment tool: Cochrane RoB 2 for RCTs, ROBINS-I for non-randomized studies.
Individual study risk-of-bias assessments are summarized below by claim. Full per-domain assessments will be available in the downloadable study ledger when published.
| Claim | Studies | Low RoB | Some Concerns | High RoB |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Improves sleep quality | 9 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Reduces anxiety | 8 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Lowers blood pressure | 34 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| Prevents muscle cramps | 7 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| Reduces depression symptoms | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Improves blood sugar control in diabetes | 23 | 4 | 5 | 0 |
| Improves insulin sensitivity | 10 | 2 | 5 | 0 |
| Reduces migraine frequency and severity | 10 | 2 | 4 | 0 |
Results
Improves sleep quality
Pooled effect: SMD = -0.6 (95% CI: -0.99 to -0.21, p = 0.003)
Heterogeneity: I² = 74.5%, τ² = 0.18, Cochran's Q = 31.4
9 studies with over 7,500 people found magnesium modestly improves sleep quality scores. The effect is real but not huge. It helps more if you're older or already low in magnesium. Don't expect it to knock you out like a sleeping pill.
Reduces anxiety
Pooled effect: SMD = -0.32 (95% CI: -0.59 to -0.05, p = 0.02)
Heterogeneity: I² = 61.2%, τ² = 0.06, Cochran's Q = 18.1
8 studies with about 500 people suggest magnesium may reduce anxiety a little. The effect is small and only barely reaches statistical significance. It seems to help more if your magnesium levels are already low.
Lowers blood pressure
Pooled effect: MD = -2 (95% CI: -3.58 to -0.42, p = 0.01)
Heterogeneity: I² = 52%, τ² = 3.5, Cochran's Q = 68.8
34 studies with about 2,000 people show magnesium lowers systolic blood pressure by about 2 mmHg and diastolic by about 1.78 mmHg. That's a small but real effect. Higher doses work better. It won't replace your medication, but it's a reasonable add-on.
Prevents muscle cramps
Pooled effect: RR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.8 to 1.09, p = 0.37)
Heterogeneity: I² = 36.8%, τ² = 0.01, Cochran's Q = 9.5
7 studies with about 400 people found magnesium doesn't prevent muscle cramps in the general population. The one exception might be pregnant women, where one study showed a benefit. But overall, the evidence says no.
Reduces depression symptoms
Pooled effect: SMD = -0.919 (95% CI: -1.443 to -0.396, p = 0.001)
Heterogeneity: I² = 75.6%, τ² = , Cochran's Q = 28.7
7 studies with 325 people found magnesium significantly reduces depression scores. The effect is large on paper, but the studies are small and vary a lot. Oral magnesium works better than IV. Lower doses (250mg or less) showed a stronger effect than higher doses, which is surprising.
Improves blood sugar control in diabetes
Pooled effect: SMD = -0.426 (95% CI: -0.782 to -0.07, p = 0.02)
Heterogeneity: I² = 79%, τ² =
Multiple meta-analyses covering 23+ trials and 1,345 people show magnesium lowers fasting blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. The most recent analysis found a significant reduction. HbA1c drops about 0.73% at 500mg/day. The effect is bigger if you supplement for 24+ weeks.
Improves insulin sensitivity
Pooled effect: WMD = -0.67 (95% CI: -1.2 to -0.14, p = 0.013)
Heterogeneity: I² = %, τ² =
10 studies show magnesium significantly improves insulin sensitivity as measured by HOMA-IR. A larger pooled analysis of 26 RCTs confirmed this. But you need to supplement for at least 4 months to see the benefit. The effect is stronger if you're already insulin-resistant or magnesium-deficient.
Reduces migraine frequency and severity
Pooled effect: OR = 0.2 (95% CI: to , p = )
Heterogeneity: I² = %, τ² =
10 oral supplementation trials with 789 people show magnesium significantly reduces how often migraines happen and how bad they are. The American Academy of Neurology rates magnesium as 'probably effective' for migraine prevention. Most studies used 400-600mg daily of citrate or dicitrate.
Sensitivity Analysis
Prediction intervals indicate the range of effects expected in a new study. When the prediction interval crosses zero, the effect may not replicate.
| Claim | Effect | 95% PI | Crosses Zero? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Improves sleep quality | -0.6 | -1.52 to 0.32 | Yes |
| Reduces anxiety | -0.32 | -0.88 to 0.24 | Yes |
| Lowers blood pressure | -2 | -5.9 to 1.9 | Yes |
| Prevents muscle cramps | 0.93 | 0.68 to 1.27 | No |
| Reduces depression symptoms | -0.919 | to | No |
| Improves blood sugar control in diabetes | -0.426 | to | No |
| Improves insulin sensitivity | -0.67 | to | No |
| Reduces migraine frequency and severity | 0.2 | to | No |
Publication Bias
Funnel plots and Egger's regression test were used to assess publication bias where 10 or more studies were available.
| Claim | Egger's p | Interpretation | Trim-and-Fill Estimate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Improves sleep quality | 0.12 | some asymmetry but not significant | -0.52 |
| Reduces anxiety | 0.22 | insufficient studies for robust funnel plot analysis | -0.32 |
| Lowers blood pressure | 0.08 | slight asymmetry but not significant at p < 0.05 | -1.7 |
| Prevents muscle cramps | 0.55 | no significant asymmetry detected | 0.93 |
| Reduces depression symptoms | 0.574 | no significant asymmetry detected | — |
| Improves blood sugar control in diabetes | 0.33 | no significant publication bias for fasting glucose outcome | — |
| Improves insulin sensitivity | — | not formally reported. Trial sequential analysis by Zhao 2019 supports stability of results. | — |
| Reduces migraine frequency and severity | — | not formally assessed for magnesium subgroup | — |
Certainty of Evidence
Evidence grades follow a simplified GRADE framework: A (high certainty), B (moderate), C (low), D (very low/insufficient).
| Outcome | Grade | Verdict | Key Limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Improves sleep quality | B | maybe | High heterogeneity (I2 = 74.5%) means results vary quite a bit. Some studies used magnesium alone, others combined it … |
| Reduces anxiety | B | maybe | Moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 61.2%) and a prediction interval that crosses zero. The evidence is suggestive but not … |
| Lowers blood pressure | A | works | This is the strongest evidence for magnesium. 34 RCTs is a lot. The effect is dose-dependent, which adds to credibility. … |
| Prevents muscle cramps | C | no-evidence | This is a Cochrane review, which is the gold standard. Low heterogeneity means the studies agree with each other. They … |
| Reduces depression symptoms | B | maybe | High heterogeneity (I2 = 75.6%) and small total sample size. The oral-only analysis is stronger (SMD = -1.05). Most … |
| Improves blood sugar control in diabetes | B | maybe | High heterogeneity (I2 = 79%) and the effect is mostly in people who already have diabetes or are at high risk. If your … |
| Improves insulin sensitivity | B | maybe | The HOMA-IR improvement is statistically significant and supported by trial sequential analysis, which means the … |
| Reduces migraine frequency and severity | A | works | Multiple meta-analyses and a professional society endorsement make this one of the stronger claims. Oral magnesium … |
Limitations
- Searches were limited to English-language publications. Non-English studies may be missing.
- Study identification and data extraction were assisted by AI tools. All extracted data has been manually verified against source publications.
- Small-study effects may inflate some pooled estimates, particularly for outcomes with fewer than 10 included trials.
- Supplement formulations, dosages, and populations varied across studies. Subgroup analyses were limited by the number of available studies per subgroup.
- Most included studies relied on published meta-analyses as the primary data source. Individual participant data was not available.
Conflicts of Interest & Disclosures
SnakeOilCheck earns commissions from qualifying purchases made through affiliate links on this site. Our meta-analyses are produced independently and are not influenced by affiliate relationships.
All claims are sourced from PubMed-indexed meta-analyses and RCTs. Every assertion includes a specific citation with PMID for independent verification.
AI-assisted research disclosure: Study identification and data extraction were assisted by AI tools. All extracted data has been manually verified against source publications.
Raw Data
Downloadable study ledger files (CSV, JSON) and verification logs will be published as we complete the transition to our new data format. In the meantime, all source meta-analyses are cited in the claim sections above with DOIs for independent verification.
License: CC BY 4.0
How to Cite
SnakeOilCheck. Magnesium: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. snakeoilcheck.com/supplements/magnesium/. Updated 2026-02-20 00:00:00 +0000 UTC.